Economics essay competition 2011 singapore

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Josiah Warren The early English anarchist William Godwin 's views on economics could be summarized as follows: It is evident that, despite his speculations on the future of machinery, Godwin's ideal society is based on the economics of handcrafts and cultivation".

In other words, private property exists purely "through the protection of the State, through the State's grace".

Recognising its need for state protection, Stirner is also aware that "[i]t need not make any difference to the 'good citizens' who protects them and their principles, whether an absolute King or a constitutional one, a republic, if only they are protected.

And what is their principle, whose protector they always 'love'? Not that of labour", rather it is "interest-bearing possession [ Proudhon favoured a right of individuals to retain the product of their labour as their own property, but believed that any property beyond that which an individual produced and could possess was illegitimate.

He thus saw private property as both essential to liberty and a road to tyranny, the former when it resulted from labour and was required for labour and the latter when it resulted in exploitation profit, interest, rent and tax.

He generally called the former "possession" and the latter "property". For large-scale industry, he supported workers associations to replace wage labour and opposed the ownership of land. Josiah Warren is widely regarded as the first American anarchist [11] and the four-page weekly paper he edited duringThe Peaceful Revolutionist, was the first anarchist periodical published.

They could exchange the notes at local time stores for goods that took the same amount of time to produce".

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The store proved successful and operated for three years after which it was closed so that Warren could pursue establishing colonies based on mutualism. These included Utopia and Modern Times.

Warren said that Stephen Pearl Andrews ' The Science of Society, published inwas the most lucid and complete exposition of Warren's own theories. Published in twenty-seven issues from 9 June to 4 FebruaryLe Libertaire was the first anarcho-communist journal published in the United States.

Economics in organized mass social anarchism[ edit ] Peter Kropotkin The anti-authoritarian sections of the First International proclaimed at the St.

Imier Congress that "the aspirations of the proletariat can have no purpose other than the establishment of an absolutely free economic organization and federation, founded upon the labour and equality of all and absolutely independent of all political government" in which each worker will have the "right to the enjoyment of the gross product of his labours and thereby the means of developing his full intellectual, material and moral powers in a collective setting".

This revolutionary transformation could "only be the outcome of the spontaneous action of the proletariat itself, its trades bodies and the autonomous communes". Karl Marx became a leading figure in the International and a member of its General Council.

Proudhon's followers, the mutualists, opposed Marx's state socialismadvocating political abstentionism and small property holdings.

A similar position was adopted by the Workers' Federation of the Spanish Region in as articulated by anarchist veteran of the First International Josep Llunas i Pujals in his essay, "Collectivism".

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While both groups argued against capitalismthe anarcho-communists departed from Proudhon and Bakunin, who maintained that individuals have a right to the product of their individual labor and to be remunerated for their particular contribution to production.

As Errico Malatesta put it, "instead of running the risk of making a confusion in trying to distinguish what you and I each do, let us all work and put everything in common. In this way each will give to society all that his strength permits until enough is produced for every one; and each will take all that he needs, limiting his needs only in those things of which there is not yet plenty for every one".

Ironically, the "collectivist" label then became more commonly associated with Marxist state socialists who advocated the retention of some sort of wage system during the transition to full communism. Cafiero explains in Anarchy and Communism that private property in the product of labor will lead to unequal accumulation of capital and therefore the reappearance of social classes and their antagonisms; and thus the resurrection of the state:JC Economics Essays - Tutor's Commentary: This H2 Economics essay on Singapore's unemployment is very well written and addresses the economics question pertinently, and would get rather high marks.

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